Indicator 16.b.1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law

Proportion of population who were personally affected by hate crime

Percentage of adults aged 16 and over who were personally affected by hate crime on one or more occasion.

England and Wales

Percentage (%)

Hate crime - ‘any criminal offence which is perceived, by the victim or any other person, to be motivated by hostility or prejudice towards someone based on a personal characteristic.’ This common definition was agreed in 2007 by the police, Crown Prosecution Service, Prison Service (now the National Offender Management Service) and other agencies that make up the criminal justice system. There are five centrally monitored strands of hate crime - race or ethnicity; religion or beliefs; sexual orientation; disability; and transgender identity.

Disability Status - The (GSS) harmonised "core" definition identifies a person as disabled if they have a physical or mental health condition or illness that has lasted or is expected to last 12 months or more. It must reduce their ability to carry-out day-to-day activities. It is important to note that a person who has a long-term illness that does not reduce their ability to carry-out day-to-day activities is not disabled under the definition. The 'long-term health condition' category therefore includes both disabled and non-disabled people under this definition. The two sub-categories of non-disabled (GSS harmonised) are 'long-term health conditin - does not limit activities' and 'no long-term health condition'. The GSS harmonised questions are asked of the respondent in the survey, meaning that disability status is self-reported. The GSS definition is designed to reflect the definitions that appear in legal terms in the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA) for Northern Ireland and the 2010 Equality Act for Great Britain.

Not available for this indicator

No calculations were performed in the data acquisition of this indicator as appropriate data was readily available in the final format specified by this indicator.

The size of the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) sample means the number of hate crime incidents and victims estimated in a single survey year is too unreliable to report on. Therefore, three annual datasets are combined to provide a larger sample which can be used to produce robust estimates for hate crime.

Estimates from the survey were last published in 2019 to 2020 . The next publication of figures from the CSEW would have been due in 2023, but this may be delayed because the face-to-face survey was suspended due to public health restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A reliable estimate for transgender-identity cannot be produced due to small numbers in the survey and are therefore not reported.

For details of the Crime Survey for England and Wales, see the user guide to crime statistics for England and Wales.

Ethnic group is based on the 2011 Census definition of ethnic group which now includes Chinese in the Asian/Asian British group. For more information see section 7.3 of the user guide.

The Washington Group on Disability Statistics are often used to provide a cross-nationally comparable population-based measures of disability. Please see the article Measuring disability - comparing approaches for a comparison between the GSS Harmonised measure (used here) and the Washington Group measure.

This indicator is being used as an approximation of the UN SDG Indicator. Where possible, we will work to identify or develop UK data to meet the global indicator specification. This indicator has been identified in collaboration with topic experts.