Suicide mortality rate

In 2020…

  • In 2020, there were 5,224 suicides registered in England and Wales, equivalent to an age-standardised mortality rate of 10.0 deaths per 100,000 people and statistically significantly lower than the 2019 rate of 11.0 deaths per 100,000.
  • The decrease is likely to be driven by two factors; a decrease in male suicides at the start of the coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic, and delays in death registrations because of the pandemic.
  • Around three-quarters of registered suicide deaths in 2020 were for men (3,925 deaths; 75.1%), which follows a consistent trend back to the mid-1990s.
  • The England and Wales male suicide rate of 15.4 deaths per 100,000 is statistically significantly lower than in 2019 but consistent with rates in earlier years; for females, the rate was 4.9 deaths per 100,000, consistent with the past decade.
  • Males and females aged 45 to 49 years had the highest age-specific suicide rate (24.1 male and 7.1 female deaths per 100,000).
  • For the fifth consecutive year, London has had the lowest suicide rate of any region of England (7.0 deaths per 100,000), while the highest rate in 2020 was in the North East with 13.3 deaths per 100,000.

See the ONS 2020 report for more information and a definition for suicide

Information on the suicide prevention profile is available from Public Health England. If you are struggling to cope, please call Samaritans free on 116 123 (UK and Ireland), email jo@samaritans.org, or visit the Samaritans website to find details of the nearest branch.

Further information is available on the Suicide Prevention Profile.

Further Quality and Methodology information is available.

Sub-categories

Choose categories from the dropdowns below to see different breakdowns of the data. Some will not be available until a higher level is chosen.

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Headline data

Suicide mortality rate per 100,000 population
Year Value GeoCode Observation status Unit multiplier Unit measure
1982 14.4 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1983 14.0 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1984 14.0 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1985 14.7 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1986 14.2 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1987 13.4 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1988 14.4 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1989 12.7 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1990 13.2 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1991 12.8 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1992 12.9 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1993 12.5 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1994 12.1 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1995 12.1 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1996 11.6 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1997 11.4 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1998 12.4 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
1999 12.2 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2000 11.9 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2001 11.5 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2002 11.2 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2003 10.9 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2004 11.1 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2005 10.7 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2006 10.4 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2007 10.0 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2008 10.5 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2009 10.3 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2010 10.2 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2011 10.9 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2012 10.7 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2013 11.1 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2014 10.8 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2015 10.9 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2016 10.4 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2017 10.1 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population
2018 11.2 Normal value Units Rate per 100,000 population

Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

Geographical Area: United Kingdom

Unit of Measurement: Rate per 100,000 population

Footnote: Suicide rates per 100,000 population have been age-standardised to allow comparison between populations which may contain different proportions of people of different ages. Suicide rates by age are based on age-specific suicide rates per 100,000 population. Age-specific rates calculated where there are fewer than 20 deaths may be unreliable. These figures are denoted with a 'u' in Source 1. Rates were not calculated where there were fewer than 3 death registrations. Data from 2019 and onwards is available for England and Wales only.

This table provides metadata for the actual indicator available from UK statistics closest to the corresponding global SDG indicator. Please note that even when the global SDG indicator is fully available from UK statistics, this table should be consulted for information on national methodology and other UK-specific metadata information.

Indicator available

Suicide mortality rate
Indicator description

Suicide mortality rates in the United Kingdom
Geographical coverage

United Kingdom
Unit of measurement

Rate per 100,000 population
Definitions

- Suicide - These data follow the National Statistics definition of suicide, which is based on codes from the International Classification of Diseases. See the three paragraphs below for the details of deaths that are included in UK data on suicide.

- All deaths that were assigned the underlying cause of ‘intentional self-harm for persons aged 10 years and above’ (ICD-9 code - E950 - E959 for deaths registered between 1981 and 2000 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and between 1981 and 1999 in Scotland. ICD-10 code - X60 - X84 for deaths registered since 2001 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and since 2000 in Scotland).

- Deaths caused by ‘injury/poisoning of undetermined intent for persons aged 15 years and above’ (ICD-9 code - E980 - E989, but excluding E988.8 in England and Wales, for death registered between 1981 and 2000 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and between 1981 and 1999 in Scotland. ICD-10 code - Y10 - Y34, excluding Y33.9 in England and Wales where the coroner’s verdict was pending for the years 2001 to 2006, for deaths registered since 2001 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and since 2000 in Scotland).

- Deaths caused by ‘sequelae of intentional self-harm / event of undetermined intent for persons aged 10 years and above’ in Scotland and Northern Ireland (ICD-10 code - Y87.0 and Y87.2 for deaths registered since 2001 in Northern Ireland and since 2000 in Scotland).

Available disaggregations

Sex, Age, Country, Region
Calculations

Age-standardised mortality rates (age-specific mortality rates when 5-year age group selected)
Other information

Figures are for deaths registered, rather than deaths occurring in each calendar year. Due to the length of time it takes to complete a coroner's inquest, it can take months or even years for a suicide to be registered.

The large increase seen in Northern Ireland between 2004 and 2006 coincides with a change to the Coroners’ Service. Prior to April 2006, there were seven Coroners’ districts in Northern Ireland. Following a review of the Coroners’ Service, the separate districts were amalgamated into one centralised Coroners’ Service.

Please note, data from 2019 and onwards represent suicides for England and Wales only and not UK. For more recent suicide statistics for other UK nations please see NRS Scotland and NISRA Nothern Ireland.

Data follows the UN specification for this indicator. This indicator has been identified in collaboration with topic experts.
Data last updated 10 May 2022
Metadata last updated 10 May 2022

This table provides information on metadata for SDG indicators as defined by the UN Statistical Commission. Complete global metadata is provided by the UN Statistics Division.

Indicator name

Suicide mortality rate
Target name

By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
Global indicator description
UN designated tier

Tier I
UN custodian agency

World Health Organisation (WHO)
Link to UN metadata United Nations Sustainable Development Goals metadata for target 3.4 opens in a new window

Source 1

Organisation

Office for National Statistics (ONS)
Periodicity

Annual
Earliest available data

1981
Geographical coverage

England and Wales
Link to data source Suicide in England and Wales opens in a new window
Release date 07 September 2021
Next release

TBC
Statistical classification

Official Statistic
Contact details

health.data@ons.gov.uk
Other information

Source 2

Organisation

Office for National Statistics (ONS)
Periodicity

Discontinued
Earliest available data

1981
Geographical coverage

United Kingdom
Link to data source Discontinued - Suicide in the United Kingdom opens in a new window
Release date 03 September 2019
Next release

Discontinued
Statistical classification

Official Statistic
Contact details

health.data@ons.gov.uk
Other information